Reflects the brain’s ability to adapt to changing cognitive demands. Represents dynamic changes in synaptic weights within and between brain regions (as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal variation over time). Higher neural flexibility is associated with cognitive flexibility, and reduced neural flexibility is associated with cognitive rigidity, although cognitive and neural flexibility are distinct concepts. Not to be confused with: neuroplasticity Not to be confused with: cognitive flexibility Not to be confused with: psychological flexibility

The process by which new neurons are generated from neural stem cells and progenitor cells. A subcategory of neuroplasticity.

Not to be confused with: neuroplasticity
Not to be confused with: neural flexibility

The brain’s ability to change and reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life, especially in response to learning, experience, or injury. This involves both structural changes, like modifications to synapses and the growth of new connections, and functional changes, altering how brain cells communicate. Key processes include strengthening connections through activity (long-term potentiation) and weakening them when less used (long-term depression). Neuroplasticity is essential for learning, memory, and recovery, and can be influenced by various factors, including training and environmental enrichment.

Not to be confused with: neurogenesis
Not to be confused with: neural flexibility